PHRASE
AND CLAUSE
v Word
Word is written or
spoken unit of language.
In word have phrase and
clause
v Prahe
Phrase is any group of
wonts is a sentence that.
Example : waiting
for you
P O
v Clause
Clause is
also a group of words clauses have both a subject and a predicate.
In clause have 3
1. Independent Clause
Example :
Medieval feast were elaborate affairs and many guest attented (Perayaan itu
dimeriahkan sangat besar-besarab dan banyak tamu yang menghadiriny).
2. Dependent Clause
Example :
The princess snacked her puppy into the castle although it was forbidden
(Seorang putrid yang membawa masuk ular kedalam kerajaan meskipun itu
dilarang).
v Sentence
Sentence is group of word that expresses a complete
thought
Sentence is have “S+V (Subject + Verb).
Example :
Budi plays computer
|
PHRASE
|
NOUN PHRASE
|
DOECH
|
D :
Determiner
O :
Ordinative
E :
Ephitet
C :
Classifying
H :
Head Word
Ø D :
Articles (a, an, the), possessive (my, your, our), demonstrative (this, that,
those), quantitative (some, much, little, many).
Ø O :
Numeral (1, first, etc), bentuk comparative & superactive.
Ø E :
Adjective (er, more, est, most, very).
Ø H :
Kata pokok suatu phrase.
Example :
The book English news very good.
DOECH :
The very good news English book.
Banyak (Ephite kata sifat lebih dari satu).
DOECH
DI, SI, A, SHA, CO
Ø Di :
Descriptive enumerator (bad, good, pretty).
Ø Si :
Size ( big, small, wide).
Ø A :
Age ( new, old, young).
Ø T :
Temperatur (cold, cool, hot).
Ø Sha :
Shape (round, flat, square).
Ø Co :
Color (Red, black, etc).
Example :
The lady young beautiful = The beautiful young lady
D Di A H
The Actor young
Indonesian tall dilligent = The dilligent
tall young Indonesia actor
D Di Si A C H
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
Adjective
phrase artinya phare kata sifat. Adjentive phrase biasanya dimulai dengan :
Preposition
or Participle.
Preposition
: (of, on, in), Ex : Taken, Loving, dan diikuti kata benda yg dimodofikasi.
Participle
: Simple Present + Past Participle = Aktif Participle
Example : The politician is man of kindly natural
Adj
Phrase
She
Is girl of beautiful skin
Adj
Phrase
Note :
Of biasanya diartikan
dari/tentang/karena
In biasanya diartikan
di/didalam
On biasanya diartikan
pada/atas
VERB PHRASE
Verb phrase artinya
phrase kata kerja
Type : Reguler & Irreguler
Funcition : Auxiliary & Ordinary
·
Auxiliary
1. Primary :
To be, hve, has, had, do, does, did, been.
2. Modal :
Can/May, Must, Will etc
·
Ordinary : Present, Future, Past,
Perfect,Continous, Passive Voice.
Rumus Verb Phrase
|
To Be + Ving
V3
|
|
Modal
+ Have + Been + Ving
|
|
Modal
+ Have + V3
|
|
Has
Have + V3
Had
|
|
Modal + Be + Ving
V3
|
|
Modals + V I
|
|
Has + Have + Had + Been + Ving
V3
|
Example : Will Studying = Will Study
|
Has
Have + V3
Had
|
ADVERBIAL PHRASE
Adverbial phrase is a
group of word that together funcition like an averb. Atau biasa dikenal dengan
sebutan kata keterangan.
Example : I’II run the race quickly = Adverbial
Verb
The are 5 different
type of adverbial phrase.
1. Manner (Cara)
Example : The Carpenter hit the mail with
hammer
2. Place (Tempat)
Example : The Girls who lives next door is a
patient.
3. Time (Waktu)
Example : We must finish our project before
the holidays.
4. Frequensy (Jarak)
Example : Jody buys two microphone every
month.
5. Purpose (Tujuan)
|
CLAUSE
|
NOUN CLAUSE
Noun
clause adalah clausa yang difungsikan sebagai kata benda. Noun clause dalam
kalimat pada umumnya digunakan segabai subjek & objek kalimat. Noun clause
dapat diawali oleh “Question Word”.
a.
Question word Q.W = 5W + 1H
Q.W
+ Determiner/noun/adj/adverb
Q.W
+ Infinitive
b. Conjuction (Whether, If, etc)
c. That / The fact that
|
Question Word/
Conjuction/ that/ the fact that + S + V + …………………. O/C
|
Example : I Know What you means
Noun
Clause
Noun
Clause dapat ditempatkan diawal kalimat sebagai subjek/objek. Jika ingin
merubah posisi noun clause dibutuhkan “Pronoun
it”.
Example : I don’t know whose motorcyrcle is parked in front of my house.
Noun
Clause
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Relative
pronoun = Where, Who, When, What, That, Whose, Which, Whom.
Adjective
clause dijadikan sebagai modifier untuk menerangkan noun & pronoun tetapi
tidak pernah digunakan sebagai objek kalimat.
Example : The
want whom the loves more will be happy.
S Modifier V
Adjective clause juga dinamakan relative clause,
yaitu klausa yang menerangkan tentang keadaan noun/pronoun.
1. Who
Khusus untuk subjek
orang/manusia.
Example : I saw the girl. She is waiting for
the guest.
I saw the girl who is waiting for the guest.
2. Whom
Untuk mengganti objek
manusia/orang.
Exmple : You speak to someone. I know her
from your school.
You
speak to someone who I know
from your school.
3. Which
Sebagai pengganti
subjek/objek kata benda selain manusia.
Example : The chair is dirty. I bought it two
month ago.
The
chair which I bought two
month ago is dirty.
4. Whose
Sebagi subjek/objek
possessive.
Example : Rina has beautiful voice. Her photo
is on the wall.
Rina Whose photo is on the wall has
beautiful voice.
ADVERBBIAL CLAUSE
Klausa yang berfungsi
sebagai keterangan yang menerangkan kata kerja, biasanya diklasisifikasikan
berdasarkan kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya.
Jenis – Jenis Adverbial Clause
1. Clause of time
Kata penghubung
menggunakan after, before, until, no sooner, since.
Example : Before
you go to school, breakfast together my family.
Adverbial Clause
2. Clause Of Place
Kata penghubung
menggunakan Where, wherever, now here, anywhere.
3. Clause Of Manner
Kata Penghubung
menggunakan As, as if, as though.
4. Clause Of Cause
Kata penghubung
menggunakan because, since, as.
5. Clause Of Condition
Kata penghubung menggunakan
if, untess.
6. Clause Of Result
Kata penghubung
menggunakan so, so that, so… that.
7. Clause Of Purpose
Kata penghubung
menggunakan So, so that, In order that.
8. Clause Of Comparison
Kata penghubung
menggunakan as…a, so…..as, than.
9. Clause Of Concession.
Kata penghubung
menggunakan Althought, thought, eventhought, whereas, even is, in spite of, as
the time.
IF CLAUSE
If
clause = Conditional Sentence, atau biasanya dikenal dengan kalimat
pengandaian.
If
clause dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu :
Conditional
Sentence Type I
Biasanya
digunakan untuk kejadian yang bersifat fakta dimasa sekarang atau waktu yang
akan datang. Bentuknya simple present.
Example : If
I don’t have money, I will
work in the office.
If Clause Main Clause
Conditional
Sentence Type II
Biasanya
digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian dengan berlawanan.
|
IF
+ S + V2 , S + WOULD + VI
|
Example : If I had more time, I would do
homework.
Conditional Sentence
Type III
Biasanya digunakan
untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang tidak pernah terjadi dimasa lalu.
|
IF
+ S + HAD + V3, S + WOULD +HAVE +V3
|
Komentar